Critical neurological emergencies: cerebrovascular disease and coma

Authors

  • Maria Dolores Aucancela Palaguachi
  • Daniela Carolina Morales Vásquez
  • Jorge Esteban Carrasco Alvarado
  • Pablo Andrés Sacoto Calle
  • Klever Esteban Paredez Calle

Keywords:

neurological emergencies, cerebrovascular diseases, coma

Abstract

Introduction: Neurological emergencies, such as cerebrovascular diseases and coma constitute critical situations due to their high mortality and diagnostic and therapeutic complexity.

Objective: To describe cerebrovascular diseases and coma, including their definition, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: A descriptive documentary review was carried out by consulting articles and studies available in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Lilacs and Elsevier, published between 2020 and 2024.

Results: Cerebrovascular diseases are classified as ischemic (80 %) and hemorrhagic (20 %), associated with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Coma, a multifactorial syndrome, can result from extensive hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, as well as from various metabolic or traumatic etiologies. Diagnosis is based on detailed questioning, thorough physical examination and neurological evaluation using the Glasgow scale, pupillary examination and oculomotor reflexes. Management includes hemodynamic stabilization, metabolic control, specific etiologic treatment and prevention of complications, with emphasis on early rehabilitation.

Conclusions: Both cerebrovascular disease and coma require a comprehensive approach for timely diagnosis and management. Accurate clinical evaluation and the appropriate use of diagnostic tools are essential to improve the prognosis of affected patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2024-12-26

How to Cite

1.
Aucancela Palaguachi MD, Morales Vásquez DC, Carrasco Alvarado JE, Sacoto Calle PA, Paredez Calle KE. Critical neurological emergencies: cerebrovascular disease and coma. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 26 [cited 2025 Dec. 8];43. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/3703