Retos de la microbiota urinaria
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Introducción: La descripción de la microbiota urinaria, dentro de los microbiomas humanos, resulta una contribución científica basada en los estudios de secuencia del ARNr bacteriano 16S (subunidad de ARN ribosómico). La orina presenta microrganismos que conllevan a afecciones urológicas crónicas.
Objetivos: Describir la microbiota en la vejiga y su repercusión en el tracto urinario inferior, a partir de la secuencia de 16S rRNA que caracteriza las comunidades bacterianas.
Métodos: Se revisaron las publicaciones en idiomas español e inglés en las bases de datos PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO y Uptodate desde enero de 2012 hasta enero de 2020. Se emplearon los términos microbiota urinaria, microbiomas, tracto urinario inferior y secuencia de ARNr 16S.
Resultados: Los cambios en la composición de las comunidades bacterianas específicas de la vejiga producen enfermedades urológicas crónicas como incontinencia urinaria, cistitis intersticial y prostatitis crónica no bacteriana. Se explica el papel de los probióticos, los prebióticos y la dieta para mejorar el desequilibrio de la microbiota urinaria.
Conclusiones: Se deben conocer la microbiota urinaria y su asociación con las afecciones del tracto urinario inferior. Se discuten el valor diagnóstico y las implicaciones en la práctica médica, con posibilidad de terapias, del desequilibrio de las comunidades bacterianas de la microbiota urinaria.
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