Environmental factors and their relationship with lung cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is a multifactorial disease that combines genetic and environmental influences, including exposure to chemicals, tobacco, alcohol, radiation, unhealthy habits, and environmental pollution. This study aimed to interpret the specific environmental factors contributing to the development of lung cancer, highlighting additional risks and understanding the interaction between the environment and pulmonary health. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on meta-analyses and systematic reviews published over the last decade, utilizing recognized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. The selected studies addressed the relationship between specific environmental factors and lung cancer. The results identified air pollution, occupational exposure, and the presence of less-studied carcinogens such as radon and asbestos as key determinants in the onset of this disease. Additionally, the influence of pollutants on tumor progression and reduced survival in diagnosed patients was highlighted. The discussion emphasizes the complexity of these interactions and the need to overcome methodological challenges, such as geographic variability and the lack of specific data. It is concluded that further research is imperative to deepen the understanding of the relationship between environmental factors and lung cancer, while implementing preventive programs and public policies to reduce exposure to these risks, thereby improving global pulmonary health.