Analysis of scoliosis in heavy transport drivers: knowledge, risk factors, and preventive strategies

Abstract

Heavy transport drivers are exposed to musculoskeletal risk factors such as prolonged driving, constant vibrations, and inadequate postures, which can contribute to the development or worsening of spinal conditions, including scoliosis. However, knowledge about this condition in this occupational group is limited. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about scoliosis among drivers of the InterCiti company, analyze the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention. A descriptive and observational study was conducted with an action-research approach, based on structured surveys applied to 37 heavy transport drivers. Subsequently, an informative video was implemented and its impact was evaluated in a sample of 43 participants using a questionnaire. The results reveal that most drivers are unaware of scoliosis, although they have frequently experienced back pain. The prevalence of diagnosed scoliosis is low, but the lack of medical check-ups could be influencing the underreporting of cases. The educational intervention significantly improved knowledge about scoliosis, demonstrating the effectiveness of informational strategies in promoting occupational health. It is concluded that it is essential to implement awareness, prevention, and medical follow-up programs to mitigate the impact of musculoskeletal disorders in this working population. Future research could delve into the relationship between professional driving and the development of scoliosis through complementary clinical and ergonomic studies.