Main endocrine disruptors and their effects on the female reproductive system

Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are chemical compounds that interfere with the hormonal system and are associated with various reproductive health issues in women. The objective was to interpret the main endocrine disruptors and their effects on the female reproductive system through an exhaustive bibliographic review. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, covering articles published between 2020 and 2023, using MeSH terms and keywords related to endocrine disruptors and female reproductive health. Studies evaluating the effects of endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, phthalates, dioxins, and organochlorine compounds were included. The results revealed that these compounds are linked to infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and alterations in steroidogenesis and follicular development. The evidence suggests that endocrine disruptors interfere with hormone biosynthesis and action, affecting hormonal homeostasis and contributing to various reproductive dysfunctions. Additionally, the need for more robust studies, such as randomized controlled clinical trials, is highlighted to clarify the mechanisms of action and harmful doses of endocrine disruptors. The importance of evaluating combined exposure to multiple endocrine disruptors, given their potential synergistic effect, was also identified. The review underscores the urgency of implementing stricter regulations and mitigation strategies to reduce exposure to these compounds, as well as the need to raise public awareness about their risks. In conclusion, endocrine disruptors represent a significant threat to female reproductive health, making a multidisciplinary approach essential to address and mitigate their effects.