Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral lesions in hiv/aids during COVID-19

Abstract

The infection by HIV/AIDS presents multiple challenges for the management of oral lesions, further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to interpret the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral lesions in HIV/AIDS during COVID-19 through a narrative literature review. Recent studies on the prevalence of oral lesions, the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, and the impact of the pandemic on clinical management were analyzed. The results reveal that although the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy maintains oral microbial homeostasis and reduces opportunistic infections, challenges such as xerostomia and oral dysbiosis persist. Patients' willingness to undergo rapid HIV-1/2 testing in dental settings underscores the importance of adequate training for dental health professionals. Additionally, oral dysbiosis and its relationship with periodontitis in HIV/AIDS patients require integrated therapeutic strategies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, dentists have played a crucial role in diagnosing and treating oral lesions, contributing to UNAIDS's goal of ending AIDS by 2030. The validation of assessment tools, such as the OHIP-14 questionnaire, is essential for measuring the oral health-related quality of life in these patients. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to managing oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients, especially in the context of COVID-19, and emphasizes the importance of future research to optimize therapies and develop effective public health strategies.