Post-surgical complications in patients with cleft lip and palate

Abstract

This study aimed to conduct a review of the most frequent complications in patients with cleft lip and palate after reconstructive surgery. The analysis focused mainly on dental, functional and aesthetic complications that may persist or appear after surgery. For the research, a methodological approach was used that combined descriptive, cross-sectional and observational aspects, evaluating 20 patients who had already undergone surgery. Data collection was carried out through intraoral photographs, which allowed for the documentation of various dental anomalies, malpositions and other complications. The analysis of the results was carried out by a multidisciplinary team to ensure the objectivity and consistency of the observations. The most relevant results showed that, although most patients managed to recover essential functions such as speech and swallowing, some faced additional complications, including postoperative infections, delayed speech development and respiratory difficulties. The importance of early intervention and orthodontic treatments as key factors in improving patients' quality of life was also highlighted. The study highlighted the need for a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach combining surgery, orthodontics, speech therapy and long-term medical follow-up to minimise post-surgical complications. Updated recommendations were offered reinforcing the importance of personalising interventions and maintaining ongoing follow-up for better outcomes.