The harmful effects of para-chloroaniline

Abstract

Para-chloroaniline is a chemical compound used in various industries, but its use in dentistry has raised concerns due to its potential toxic and carcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to interpret the harmful effects of para-chloroaniline through a narrative literature review. An exhaustive literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology to ensure the rigorous and systematic selection of relevant studies. Scientific articles published in the last five years that addressed the formation and effects of para-chloroaniline in the context of endodontic treatments were included. The results indicate that the combination of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, commonly used as an irrigation solution in root canal treatments, leads to the formation of an orange-brown precipitate identified as para-chloroaniline, which is cytotoxic and potentially carcinogenic. Additionally, it was observed that this compound is difficult to remove once formed, which can complicate treatment and compromise the health of periapical tissues and the periodontium. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of avoiding the formation of para-chloroaniline during endodontic treatments and suggests the need for safer irrigation protocols that minimize associated risks, thereby protecting patient health and treatment efficacy.