Clinical and immunoinflammatory characteristics associated with poor functional recovery in acute ischemic cerebral infarction
Keywords:
infarto cerebral isquémico; recuperación funcional; neuroinflamaciónAbstract
Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Functional recovery ranges from complete restoration of autonomy to permanent disability.
Objective: To identify clinical characteristics and immuno-inflammatory markers associated with limited functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction.
Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, longitudinal study of 215 patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction. We used descriptive statistics for quantitative variables (mean, median, and standard deviation) and qualitative variables (absolute and relative frequencies). We used Student’s t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson’s chi-square test to compare the two groups.
Results: The mean age was 65.92 ± 10.57 years. Sensory-motor deficit (50.20%) was the most common clinical manifestation, followed by dysphagia (13.00%), motor aphasia (11.60%), and homonymous hemianopia (10.20%). Chronic kidney disease (p = 0.010), previous stroke (p = 0.022), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.023), total anterior circulation infarction (p < 0.001), posterior circulation infarction (p = 0.022), and the cardioembolic etiological subtype (p = 0.004) showed statistically significant differences in relation to limited functional recovery.
Conclusions: The clinical characteristics most frequently identified in patients with acute ischemic cerebral infarction and limited functional recovery were advanced age, greater severity of the initial neurological deficit, total anterior circulation infarction and posterior circulation infarction, cardioembolic etiological subtype, and the presence of comorbidity, represented by atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, and chronic kidney disease.
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