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Reacciones adversas a las vacunas autorizadas contra SARS-CoV-2
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Introducción: Las vacunas profilácticas se incluyen entre las intervenciones de mejor balance costo-beneficio por su eficacia en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas; sin embargo, la vacunación no se halla exenta de provocar reacciones adversas. Las agencias regulatorias deben mantener una vigilancia activa que garantice la seguridad del producto biológico durante todas sus fases.
Objetivos: Exponer la frecuencia, magnitud y trascendencia de las reacciones adversas a las principales vacunas autorizadas contra SARS-CoV-2.
Método: Se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico y PubMed/Medline, de publicaciones entre 2008 y abril de 2021. Se seleccionaron los artículos de mayor relevancia.
Desarrollo: La gravedad de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 permitió que las agencias regulatorias autorizaran su uso de emergencia antes de concluir la fase III de eficacia. Varias reacciones adversas se describieron, las más frecuentes resultaron de aparición tardía como el dolor, el enrojecimiento y la inflamación en el sitio de inyección, la fiebre, la fatiga, la cefalea, la mialgia y la artralgia. Entre las más graves se reportaron casos de anafilaxia, aunque fueron inusuales.
Conclusiones: Las reacciones adversas más frecuentes a las vacunas autorizadas contra SARS-CoV-2 por lo general fueron leves; por tanto, al evaluar la relación riesgo-beneficio se justificó su aplicación de emergencia en la población.
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Referencias
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