Enfermedad renal crónica y pronóstico de pacientes con COVID-19
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Introducción: La COVID-19 ha desatado una emergencia en salud pública de carácter internacional, pues ha infescado y provocado muertes a millones de personas, desatando así una crisis humanitaria nunca antes vista. Las muertes por COVID-19 también se han asociado a la presencia de algunas enfermedades crónicas.
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la enfermedad renal crónica y el peor pronóstico de pacientes con COVID-19.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO Host, Clinical Key, Hinari y Cochrane. Se consultaron artículos publicados hasta el 30 de abril de 2020. Se incluyeron artículos observacionales con información relevante respecto al desenlace de pacientes con COVID-19 y enfermedad renal crónica.
Resultados: Fueron incluidos 13 artículos que resumen la información de 8207 pacientes, de los que 405 (4,9 %) tenían enfermedad renal crónica. Se asoció la comorbilidad con un peor pronóstico en pacientes con COVID-19, con OR = 1,99 [IC 95 %: 1,13-3,52; Z = 2,37; p = 0,02] y heterogeneidad I2 = 47 %, c2 = 22,47 (p = 0,03). Al eliminar los estudios con mayor contribución a la heterogeneidad, se analizó información de 5924 pacientes y hubo una mayor asociación entre la enfermedad renal crónica y el peor pronóstico, con OR = 3,02 [IC 95 %: 1,79-5,10; Z = 4,15; p < 0,0001] y heterogeneidad I2 = 0%, c2 = 3,78 (p = 0,88). Lo que se interpreta como que los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica afectados con COVID-19 tienen una probabilidad tres veces mayor de presentar un peor pronóstico que la población general.
Conclusiones: La enfermedad renal crónica empeora el pronóstico de los pacientes afectados con COVID-19.
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Referencias
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