Oral manifestations associated with child abuse in an institutionalized population

Abstract

Child abuse, in its various forms, can have adverse effects on both general and oral health in children, with the stomatognathic system being one of the most sensitive structures to these conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the oral manifestations associated with child abuse in institutionalized children at the Hogar Santa Marianita in Ambato, Ecuador. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2023 and February 2024, involving a sample of 38 children aged 0 to 13 years, grouped into four age ranges. Data collection was carried out using the MSP dental medical history, recording extraoral and intraoral findings, as well as diagnostic indicators such as the simplified oral hygiene index, Angle and Baume malocclusion classifications, modified Dean index, and CPO-ceo indices. The results revealed a high prevalence of bacterial plaque and cavities in all age groups, as well as pulp lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers, dental fluorosis, short lingual frenulum, and occlusal alterations. The frequency and diversity of oral manifestations varied depending on the age and type of identified abuse, being more severe in cases of physical and psychological violence. In conclusion, child abuse has a significant influence on oral health, highlighting the need to strengthen training for dental professionals in the detection of clinical risk signs and to promote collaboration with child protection networks for comprehensive and timely care.