Evaluation of knowledge and applicability of nonverbal communication in nursing students

Abstract

Body language, as an essential component of nonverbal communication, plays a crucial role in the interaction between nursing professionals and patients, facilitating the interpretation of emotions, needs, and clinical states. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and applicability of nonverbal communication among nursing students at the Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ambato campus, in Ecuador.  A descriptive methodological design with a quantitative-qualitative approach was applied, using a structured survey technique on a sample of 160 students from first to seventh level, during the period October 2022 to March 2023.  The results showed that, although 91 % of the students declared they understood the concept of body language, and 88 % correctly associated it with nonverbal communication, there was a significant gap in the accurate interpretation of postures, gestures, and microexpressions, as well as in recognizing the impact of these elements on clinical practice. Additionally, a fragmented understanding of kinesic communication components and their relationship to empathy, authority, and dominance in healthcare settings was observed.  In conclusion, there is a need to strengthen nonverbal communication training within the nursing curriculum through pedagogical strategies that promote both its theoretical and practical integration. The incorporation of these contents will contribute to more empathetic, safe, and effective patient care, optimizing the therapeutic relationship and the overall quality of care provided.