Potential of methylene blue as a multifunctional drug treatment against COVID-19

Authors

  • Gilberto L Pardo Andreu Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos de La Universidad de La Habana
  • Nicté González Alfonso Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM)

Keywords:

COVID-19, methylene blue, multifunctional therapy.

Abstract

Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 became pandemic and caused millions of deaths and incalculable economic losses worldwide. In this context, therapies were introduced to contain the infection until the population could be vaccinated. Therapeutic proposals emerged from already established drugs whose mechanisms of action could interfere with the virus infection cycle or with some of the host-dependent pathophysiological mechanisms. Monoligand drugs acted on a single drug target to treat a complex and multifactorial disease like COVID-19, which was the main cause of failure with non-vaccine interventions. In this brief communication, a review of the pharmacological mechanisms of methylene blue in the therapy of COVID-19 was performed. The multiplicity of documented mechanisms related to the blockade of viral pathogenesis, its low cost, low toxicological profile, privileged pharmacokinetics and national capacity to produce it made this drug a therapeutic option in the treatment protocols of severe and critical patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Gilberto L Pardo Andreu, Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos de La Universidad de La Habana

Director Centro de Estudio para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas. IFAL. UH

References

1. Lythgoe MP, Middleton P. Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020;41(6):363-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.03.006

2. Domingo P, Mur I, Pomar V, Corominas H, Casademont J, de Benito N. The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). EBioMedicine. 2020;58:102887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102887

3. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):102-108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001

4. Guttmann P, Ehrlich P. Ueber die wirkung des methylenblau bei malaria. Berl Klin Wochenschr. 1891;28:953-6.

5. Pardo GL, Garrido G. The rationale for methylene blue utility against SARS-CoV-2 infection complications. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res. 2021;9(3):379-96. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres21.1019_9.3.379

6. Alamdari DH, Moghaddam AB, Amini S, Keramati MR, Zarmehri AM, Alamdari AH, et al. Application of methylene blue -vitamin C –N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients, report of a phase-I clinical trial. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;885:173494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173494

7. Henry M, Summa M, Patrick L, Schwartz L. A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the possible preventive role of methylene blue. Substantia 2020;4(1supl1):888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13128/Substantia-888

8. Gendrot M, Andreani J, Duflot I, Boxberger M, Le Bideau M, Mosnier J, et al. Methylene blue inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;56(6):106202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106202

9. Bojadzic D, Alcazar O, Buchwald P. Methylene blue inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 spike–ACE2 protein-protein interaction–a mechanism that can contribute to its antiviral activity against COVID-19. Front Pharmacol. 2021;11:600372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.600372

Published

2024-06-10

How to Cite

1.
Pardo Andreu GL, González Alfonso N. Potential of methylene blue as a multifunctional drug treatment against COVID-19. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 Jun. 10 [cited 2025 Aug. 5];43. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/1906

Issue

Section

SHORT COMMUNICATIONS