The effect of titanium alloy and stainless steel implants on immunological responses by analysis of NF-κB/ p65, NF-κB1/p50 profiles and the Tregs

Resumen

Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of the tissue-biomaterial interactions at a cellular level is required to explain the immune responses of numerous implant mediated complications and help to improve biomaterial design and use.

Objectives: To research the effect of titanium alloy and stainless steel implants on immunological responses in rats by analysis of NF-κB/ p65, NF-κB1/p50 profiles in the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the role of Tregs. To minimize the inflammatory response of host-formed bio-material implants is our main goal.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 39 Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups with 13 rats each resulting in Group I (n: 13, sham), Group II (n: 13, Ti alloy rods), and Group III (n: 13, SS alloy rods). The NF-κB/ p65, NF-κB1/p50 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (Tregs) in the blood were analyzed on days 7, 14 and 28 using ELISA and Flow cytometry.

Results: Tregs level were lower in the stainless steel (SS) alloy compared to the sham and Titanium (Ti) alloy. NF-κB/ p65 (RelA) levels in the SS alloy showed a significant increase on all days in comparison with the sham and Ti alloy. NF-κB1 (p50) in the SS alloy was a significant increase on the 14^th and 28^th day. When the Ti alloy was compared with the SS alloy, NF-κB/ p65 (RelA) and NF-κB1 (p50) levels were significantly lower levels.

Conclusions: Both the Ti alloy and SS alloy group implantation effects CD4+CD25+Treg cells in different ways. This work suggests that NF-κB/ p65, NF-κB1/p50 have excellent potential as a therapeutic target in the prevention of adverse reactions to metal, especially for controlling the inflammation after the implantation. In this application target can be NF-kB and for this IKK molecule inhibitors can be used or it can be done by the stabilization of IkB proteins.

Keywords: Titanium alloy implants, stainless steel implants, immunological response,  NF-κB/ p65, NF-κB1/p50, Tregs