Renal-preserving surgery versus nephrectomy in expanding zone II hematomas after renal trauma: a systematic review

Authors

  • Juan Francisco España Mera
  • Ana María Salazar Narváez
  • Valeria Zila Oñate Chang
  • Galo Sergio Medranda Vera
  • Edison Moisés Yaguar Gutiérrez

Abstract

Introduction: Renal trauma may require laparotomy in patients with hemodynamic instability and a complex retroperitoneal/perirenal hematoma. In this setting, the choice between renal-preserving surgery and nephrectomy is made with incomplete information and a high risk of confounding by indication.

Objective: To synthesize evidence comparing renal-preserving surgery versus nephrectomy in renal trauma with an intraoperative scenario compatible with an expanding/pulsatile zone II hematoma or active renal bleeding.

Methods: Systematic review without meta-analysis. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched with no time restrictions, up to December 2025, restricted to humans and publications in English or Spanish. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction; risk-of-bias assessment and narrative synthesis were planned.

Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Available comparative studies suggested higher mortality associated with nephrectomy in registries and cohort studies, with heterogeneity and limited specificity of the target intraoperative scenario. In recent studies (2020–2025), heterogeneous proxies for “high hemorrhagic risk” were reported, mainly based on hemodynamic instability. Variability was also documented in how instability was defined and in the time windows used to classify interventions.

Conclusions: Evidence suggests an association between nephrectomy and higher mortality in high-risk renal trauma, with limited certainty due to confounding by indication and intraoperative heterogeneity. Standardized definitions and prospective studies with intraoperative variables and renal outcomes are needed to compare surgical strategies.

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Published

2025-12-23

How to Cite

1.
España Mera JF, Salazar Narváez AM, Oñate Chang VZ, Medranda Vera GS, Yaguar Gutiérrez EM. Renal-preserving surgery versus nephrectomy in expanding zone II hematomas after renal trauma: a systematic review. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 23 [cited 2026 May 12];44:e4113. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/4113

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ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

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