Intraoperative Difficult Airway Management in Cervicofacial Burns

Authors

Abstract

Introduction: Intraoperative airway management in head-and-neck burns is challenging because edema, inhalation injury, scarring, and contractures distort anatomy, restrict mouth opening, and increase the risk of hypoxemia.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of airway-related adverse events in post-burn cervicofacial reconstructive surgery, comparing acute phase and sequelae, and to describe inter-institutional variability in airway-securing strategies.

Methods: Systematic review following PRISMA 2020. Searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane (2020–2025). Two reviewers screened human studies and extracted clinical phase, key anatomic findings (microstomia, limited neck extension, mentosternal deformity), techniques (awake intubation, videolaryngoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, combined technique, tracheostomy), and outcomes (minimum SpO₂, ≥2 attempts, failure, unplanned FONA/tracheostomy, reintubation). Risk of bias was assessed by study design.

Results: From 312 records, 74 duplicates were removed; 36 full texts were assessed and 22 studies were included. Observational designs predominated, and the most frequently reported outcomes were hypoxemia and reintubation. Direct comparative evidence in mentosternal contracture/microstomia for awake videolaryngoscopy plus flexible bronchoscopy versus flexible bronchoscopy alone was limited. In anticipated difficult airways, high-flow nasal oxygen was associated with higher minimum SpO₂ and fewer multiple-attempt intubations. When available, videolaryngoscopy improved glottic exposure, and high‑flow nasal oxygen helped preserve oxygenation during prolonged airway instrumentation in burns patients.

Conclusions: Safety relies on structured planning, continuous oxygenation, and capnography confirmation, supported by coordinated work across anesthesia, plastic surgery, and emergency care. Prospective post-burn studies should compare techniques and incorporate patient-reported outcomes during awake intubation.

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Published

2025-12-11

How to Cite

1.
Arévalo Placencia DL, Pendolema Espinosa JN, Mejía Dume JS, Poveda Samaniego DR, Palacios Sánchez GA. Intraoperative Difficult Airway Management in Cervicofacial Burns. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 11 [cited 2026 Mar. 4];44. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/4067

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Section

ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN