Lesions associated with removable dentures in older adults

Abstract

Preprosthetic lesions in geriatric patients wearing removable dentures represent a frequent and clinically relevant issue, with a direct impact on oral health, prosthetic function, and the quality of life of older adults. The objective of this study was to synthesize recent scientific evidence regarding the clinical characteristics, associated factors, and therapeutic strategies related to these lesions. A systematic review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through a PubMed search between 2019 and 2024, using terms related to removable dentures, older adults, and oral lesions. Inclusion criteria prioritized articles in English and Spanish, published within the last five years and focused on the geriatric population. From a total of 41 studies identified, 11 met the defined criteria and were included. The results showed that denture stomatitis is the most common lesion, associated with factors such as poor hygiene, prolonged denture use, inadequate prosthetic fit, and fungal colonization by Candida albicans. Several preventive and therapeutic strategies were identified, including phytomedicines, technologies such as tissue-tolerable plasma, and improvements in denture base materials, although still supported by limited clinical evidence. It is concluded that preprosthetic lesions in this population require a multidimensional approach that integrates clinical, educational, and preventive interventions. This study answers the research question and fulfills its objective by providing an updated perspective that can inform clinical practice and future research.