Prevention of infectious diseases in urban solid waste collectors

Abstract

This study addressed the issue of infectious diseases among urban solid waste workers in Tulcán, Ecuador, a vulnerable group exposed to pathogens due to their work environment. The objective was to prevent immunocontagious diseases through compliance with the National Immunization Scheme and the implementation of educational measures tailored to the needs of this group. To achieve this, research methods including documentary, exploratory, and action-based approaches were employed. A structured questionnaire was administered to 40 municipal workers responsible for urban solid waste collection, covering aspects such as knowledge about vaccines, use of personal protective equipment, work-related accidents, and perceptions of infectious risks. The results showed that although most workers have basic knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases (87.5 %), there is significant lack of information about available vaccines (55 %) and a high incidence of work-related injuries involving needle sticks (75 %). Additionally, over half of respondents considered frequent training to be the most effective measure for preventing infections (62.5 %). Based on these findings, specific strategies were proposed, such as continuous training programs, improved access to personal protective equipment, and strengthening the National Immunization Scheme. In conclusion, this study provided a scientific basis for designing comprehensive interventions to protect workers and contribute to public health by reducing the spread of pathogens in the community, highlighting the importance of addressing this issue through a preventive and equitable approach.