Dietary alterations in pregnant adolescents

Abstract

Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric conditions that primarily affect women of reproductive age and pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to propose nursing strategies for the prevention of EDs in pregnant adolescents attending the Nueva San Rafael Type C Health Center, Ecuador. A mixed-methods research approach was conducted, with a non-experimental longitudinal design for the quantitative analysis and an action research design for the qualitative component. The population included 40 pregnant adolescents who participated in structured surveys and educational activities. The results showed that 72% of the adolescents were unaware of EDs and 75% had no information about their complications. Additionally, 57% reported inadequate dietary practices, and 47% intentionally limited their food intake, citing fear of weight gain and economic factors as the main reasons. The most frequently reported complications included low birth weight in neonates (67%) and uncontrolled weight gain in mothers (58%). The implemented educational strategies, which included workshops and dissemination of informational materials, were effective in improving knowledge and reducing risk practices in this population. In conclusion, EDs in pregnant adolescents represent a multifactorial problem that requires interdisciplinary attention and sustainable strategies. This study highlights the importance of education as a key tool in preventing maternal complications.