Impact of agitation of the irrigating substance on the decontamination of the root canal system

Abstract

The success of non-surgical root canal treatment depends on a detailed knowledge of dental morphology and the histological development of the dental components. Identifying the shape and number of root canals is essential for their correct location and disinfection, respecting their three-dimensional anatomy. The formation of dental roots comes from Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, and morphological variations can occur due to abnormal tissue interactions during dental development. Periapical radiography helps evaluate the canal system, although it provides two-dimensional images that can lead to erroneous diagnoses. Advanced techniques such as radiovisography and ConeBeam tomography provide more precise images. Endodontic treatment involves removing infected pulp tissue and cleaning and sealing root canals, using irrigating substances such as sodium hypochlorite, EDTA and chlorhexidine. Agitating these irrigants significantly improves their effectiveness. Agitation techniques, such as ultrasonic devices and negative apical pressure systems, are more effective in removing debris and microorganisms. Studies show that ultrasonic agitation improves decontamination and sealing quality of the root canal, resulting in more effective treatments. Understanding agitation principles and mechanisms, along with technological advances and continued research, are crucial to optimizing endodontic protocols and improving clinical outcomes.