Comprehensive Pregnancy Care: Key to Preventing HIV Transmission to the Newborn

Abstract

Vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS, also known as mother-to-child transmission, occurs when the virus is transmitted from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This type of transmission is one of the main causes of pediatric HIV infection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Preventive interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, have been shown to be highly effective in reducing vertical transmission. However, lack of access to treatments, late diagnosis and other socioeconomic factors limit the impact of these strategies in many regions. The research used quantitative and qualitative methods and a structured survey was conducted. The results indicated that barriers to access to treatment, lack of timely diagnosis and lack of information, are an important challenge to reduce vertical transmission. Strategies to improve ART adherence and ensure early diagnosis during pregnancy could further reduce vertical transmission rates. It is necessary to strengthen maternal and child care and education programs and guarantee equitable access to preventive treatments for all HIV-positive women.