Physical and psychological factors affecting mobility and autonomy in older adults

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the main physical and psychological factors that influence the mobility of older adults in the San Juan Association, in order to design interventions that improve their quality of life. The research focused on assessing the difficulties in walking, the risk of falls, and the physical and emotional barriers faced by this population. To do so, a descriptive and cross-sectional approach was adopted. Structured questionnaires and the Tinetti scale, which measures the risk of falls, were applied to a sample of 50 older adults. The questionnaire covered aspects such as physical capacity to carry out daily activities, emotional well-being, and the characteristics of the physical environment in which they lived. The findings were clear: a large part of the older adults showed significant difficulties when walking short distances or climbing stairs, due to muscle weakness and joint problems. In addition, the results of the Tinetti scale indicated a high risk of falls, with low scores in gait and balance. On the emotional level, more than 60% presented depressive symptoms, which reduced their confidence in daily activities. Furthermore, the physical environment of the homes was not adequately adapted, which increased the risk of accidents. The study underlined the need for interventions that integrate both physical and emotional improvements, including adaptation of the environment, to improve the autonomy and mobility of older adults.