Biomechanical aspects of implant-supported prostheses

Abstract

The aim of this bibliographical review is to show the main biomechanical aspects in the field of rehabilitation on favorable implants to distribute the forces that are normal in chewing as tension across the longitudinal axis of the implant and to avoid prosthetic complications in the connection system, prolonging the survival or success of implant rehabilitation. Complications in the connection system are the most frequent, such as fracture of the abutment and implant, loosening and fracture of the screw and bone resorption of the alveolar crest. To avoid these complications, an optimal preload, anti-rotational stability and passive adjustment are sought. These properties are elementary to decrease the tension before compression, torsion and friction forces. Other considerations to consider are the occlusion, the stabilization polygon and the prosthetic design with planning. Finally, we will graphically explain the most usual points that will be located in the different devices, taking them into account for a rehabilitation and not overloading these places and also the possible biomechanical errors that could compromise the success of the treatment.