Risk of human and animal leptospirosis in Ecuador: a multisectoral approach

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by a spirochete-shaped bacterium called Leptospira, which is often neglected in Latin American countries. In Ecuador, it is endemic in both rural and urban areas, with outbreaks reported in humans and animals in tropical regions with high morbidity and mortality rates. The objective of this study was to analyze the current situation of animal leptospirosis in Ecuador, its main risk factors, and preventive measures for disease control through a literature review. A systematic descriptive literature review was conducted to present information on the epidemiological status of the disease in Ecuador. It was found that human and animal leptospirosis in Ecuador is a major concern for public health and animal health authorities, as there is an annual increase in reported cases, with the highest incidence in coastal regions where heavy rainfall occurs due to climate change. The study concludes that disease control should be prioritized using a multisectoral approach, particularly in areas where people are exposed to animals, especially rodents, which are considered the main carriers of the disease.