Protocols for the treatment of anaphylactic shock in the dental office

Abstract

Anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur in the dental setting due to exposure to allergens such as medications, anesthetics, and latex. Given the associated risks and the importance of immediate intervention, this study aimed to determine the appropriate protocol for managing anaphylactic shock in dental practice, addressing its definition, causes, correct therapeutics, and clinical management through a comprehensive literature review. A comparative analysis of various protocols documented in the scientific literature was conducted, selecting those that provide detailed information on diagnosis, clinical management, and pharmacological treatment. The results reveal that early administration of intramuscular epinephrine is crucial to counteract the severe effects of anaphylaxis, with repeated dosing recommended if symptoms persist. Additionally, the importance of complementing treatment with bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and supportive measures such as oxygen administration and fluid replacement is emphasized. Placing the patient in a supine position and prompt clinical intervention are essential to ensure hemodynamic and respiratory stability. In conclusion, the study underscores the need to establish clear and updated protocols in dental practice for managing anaphylactic shock, thereby ensuring the safety and well-being of the patient in the event of this medical emergency.