Neuroscience in the legal field: the brain in legal practice and neurolaw

Abstract

Neuroscience, with its capacity to reveal the mysteries of the human brain, has begun to significantly influence the legal field, challenging traditional notions of guilt and responsibility. The objective of the study was to interpret neuroscience within the legal field, focusing specifically on the brain in legal practice and neurolaw. To achieve this, a systematic review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the intersection of neuroscience and law, utilizing relevant academic databases and selecting key studies published in the last five years. The most significant results reveal that advances in neuroimaging and neurobiology challenge the notion of free will and highlight the need to reconsider imputability and responsibility in the judicial system. Additionally, the emergence of neurolaw as an emerging discipline that seeks to integrate neuroscientific findings into legal practice is highlighted, which could lead to significant reform in legal policies. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of adapting the legal system to incorporate these neuroscientific advances, promoting a more informed and equitable approach to the administration of justice. This approach requires not only a revision of existing laws but also continuous attention to the ethical and social implications of applying neuroscience in law.