The desire to eat and the biology of smell and taste

Authors

  • Ronelsys Martínez Martínez
  • Karina Alejandra Alvarez Lino
  • Luis Edmundo Estévez Montalvo
  • Andrés Eduardo Gallegos Cobo

Keywords:

food intake, olfaction, taste, sensory dysfunction, neurodegeneration.

Abstract

This study examines the importance of smell and taste in regulating eating behavior and homeostasis, especially in older adults and COVID-19 patients. The objective was to review recent evidence on how these senses influence nutrition, health, and quality of life. A systematic search of PubMed for studies published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on the interaction of homeostatic and hedonic systems. The results show that smell, in addition to processing odors, contributes to the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, common in older adults and COVID-19 patients, negatively affects appetite and nutrition, and is associated with a higher risk of mortality and neurodegenerative diseases. The reviewed studies highlight that the loss of taste and smell leads to reduced appetite and changes in eating habits, exacerbating health issues in these populations. It is concluded that integrating olfactory and gustatory evaluations into clinical care can improve early detection of neurodegenerative conditions and the management of nutritional health. Future research should continue to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions to address these dysfunctions, thereby improving quality of life and health outcomes.

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Published

2024-12-05

How to Cite

1.
Martínez Martínez R, Alvarez Lino KA, Estévez Montalvo LE, Gallegos Cobo AE. The desire to eat and the biology of smell and taste. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 5 [cited 2025 Dec. 7];43. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/3602