Pathogenicity and prevalence of helicobacter pylori in Ecuador

Authors

  • Segundo Moisés San Lucas Coque
  • Rashell Danae Fiallos Baldeón
  • Lesly Domenica Valdiviezo Arias
  • Antonio Carlos Vasco Reinoso

Keywords:

Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, gastric cancer, pathogenicity, prevalence.

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent gram-negative bacterium worldwide, associated with various gastric and extragastric diseases. H. pylori infection is primarily acquired in childhood, with predominantly fecal-oral transmission, and significantly contributes to the burden of diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The study aimed to identify the pathogenicity factors and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Ecuador through a bibliographic review. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and SpringerLink, focusing on studies in Spanish and English published between 2019 and 2023, in addition to relevant classic references. The results showed that the prevalence of H. pylori in Ecuador is high, especially in children, adolescents, and older adults, with risk factors including contaminated water consumption and poor hygiene practices. Pathogenicity mechanisms include urease production, flagellar motility, and the secretion of toxins such as CagA and VacA, which facilitate colonization and gastric damage. Additionally, increasing resistance to antibiotics used in eradication therapy was observed, complicating the effective treatment of the infection. It is concluded that it is crucial to implement stricter hygiene measures and explore new therapeutic regimens and potential vaccines to improve the control and eradication of H. pylori in the Ecuadorian population.

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Published

2024-11-11

How to Cite

1.
San Lucas Coque SM, Fiallos Baldeón RD, Valdiviezo Arias LD, Vasco Reinoso AC. Pathogenicity and prevalence of helicobacter pylori in Ecuador. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 11 [cited 2025 Aug. 3];43. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/3556