Relationship between gluten and the genesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Gluten, a protein found in various cereals, is associated with pathological immune responses in susceptible individuals, particularly those with celiac disease. The inflammation generated by gluten sensitivity can affect both the intestine and the central nervous system, suggesting a potential link to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to interpret the relationship between gluten and the genesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases through a literature review. An exhaustive search was conducted in the PubMed database to identify scientific articles published between 2001 and 2024 in English and Spanish. The keywords "GLUTEN AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES" were used. Seven key studies were reviewed. The findings suggest that gluten can trigger inflammatory processes that increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, contributing to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. An association was observed between gluten consumption and the exacerbation of diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, as well as psychiatric disorders. External factors such as chronic stress can aggravate the inflammation induced by gluten. It is concluded that gluten has a direct relationship with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in patients with celiac disease. The chronic inflammation resulting from gluten sensitivity can accelerate neurodegeneration. It is crucial to continue investigating the gut-brain axis and to develop dietary and therapeutic interventions that mitigate these effects, integrating strategies such as gluten-free diets and the use of probiotics to maintain the health of the intestinal microbiome.