Evaluation of apical extrusion in curved canals with rotary and reciprocating systems: in vitro study

Abstract

In endodontics, using manual and automated instrumentation methods to prepare root canals can lead to the expulsion of dentinal debris, irrigation solutions, filling materials, microorganisms, and their derivatives into the tissues surrounding the root, through the apical foramen. The amount of apical extrusion of dentinal debris produced after preparing curved canals with rotary and reciprocating instrumentation systems was evaluated. Fifty mesial roots of mandibular molars with a moderate curvature angle (5° to 25°) as determined by the Schneider technique were randomly selected into five groups (n=10): GA: Rotary (PROTAPER UNIVERSAL), GB: Rotary (PROTAPER GOLD), GC: Reciprocating (RECIPROC), GD: Reciprocating (RECIPROC BLUE), and GE: Manual (PROTAPER UNIVERSAL MANUAL) control group. The root canals were instrumented following the manufacturers' instructions using rotary, reciprocating, and manual systems, respectively, and sterile distilled water was used as the irrigant. The data obtained were compared using the ANOVA statistical test. The greatest amount of apical extrusion of dentinal debris produced after preparing curved canals was found in group GE, with a value of 1.0100 mg, followed by GA with 0.9967 mg, GD with 0.6967 mg, GB with 0.4800 mg, and GC with 0.4167 mg in curved canals. All systems used produce apical extrusion of dentinal debris during the instrumentation of curved canals, with no statistically significant differences between the study groups.