Case-control study on influenza vaccine as a risk factor for COVID-19

Authors

  • Juan Haro Romero
  • María de Lourdes Llerena Cepeda
  • Manuel Ezcurdia Barzaga

Keywords:

influenza, COVID-19, cases and controls, Odds Ratio, vaccines

Abstract

Introduction: There are discrepancies regarding the impact of influenza vaccination on the likelihood of contracting COVID-19. 

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whether influenza vaccination is associated with a higher or lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients in a hospital in the Ecuador.

Methods: The study was classified as observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical. It belonged to the relational research level and epidemiological design. The population consisted of 110 patients (55 cases and 55 controls). To quantify the risk in this case-control design, the Odds Ratio and Pearson's Chi-square test were used, using SPSS 27 software.

Results: Among the patients without COVID-19, 26 of them were not vaccinated (47.3 %) and 29 were vaccinated (52.7 %). In the group of patients with COVID-19, 28 were unvaccinated (50.9 %) and 27 were vaccinated (49.1 %). None of the evidence showed a significant association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19. The odds ratio was 0.865, indicating a slightly lower risk of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. However, the 95 % confidence interval (0.409-1.827) did not show statistical significance.

Conclusions: Influenza vaccination does not appear to be associated with an increased or decreased risk of acquiring COVID-19 in patients studied in Ecuador, in the second half of 2022. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and assess their applicability in other settings and populations.

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Published

2023-12-18

How to Cite

1.
Haro Romero J, Llerena Cepeda M de L, Ezcurdia Barzaga M. Case-control study on influenza vaccine as a risk factor for COVID-19. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 18 [cited 2025 Jul. 16];42(2). Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/3133