Comparison of drugs subject to control according to the Peruvian Observatory of Pharmaceutical Products

Authors

Keywords:

access, availability, regulation, controlled drugs, pharmacies, private sector, Peru (DeCS BIREME).

Abstract

Introduction: The difference between moderate and rigid control of medicines constitutes a complex process that leads to errors by the pharmaceutical establishment during the availability and sale of medicines.

Objective: To compare the Observatory's information for drugs under a moderate and rigid control regime in private pharmaceutical establishments in Lima, Peru.

Methods: In this quantitative study, open-access secondary data from the Observatory were analyzed according to the list of controlled drugs of the Peruvian General Directorate of Supplies, Medicines and Drugs (Dirección General de Insumos, Medicamentos y Drogas del Perú). List IIA (rigid regulation) and IVB (moderate regulation) drugs were evaluated, and the variables available in the Observatory were compared with parametric and nonparametric statistics.

Results: Controlled drugs were differentiated by sales establishments (p = 0.001), and their average cost according to private (p = 0.035) and public (p = 0.003) marketing. IIA drugs showed lower availability and higher price with respect to IVB drugs.

Conclusions: Rigidly controlled drugs are less available and more expensive.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Pedro Wong, Universidad Norbert Wiener

Q.F. (Hons)

MSc Productos naturales

Jeel Moya-Salazar, Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Perú

Tecnólogo Médico (MT)

Esp. en Laboratorio Clínico (CLS)

Dipl. Control de calidad (DQC)

Dipl. Citología (DCp)

Maestria en Ciencias (MSc) en Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular

Maestría en Salud Pública (MPH)

Docente Investigador (CONCYTEC Perú) - Categoría Carlos Monge III

Hans Contreras-Pulache, Universidad Norbert Wiener

MBBS (Hons)

MD

MPH

MBA

PhD

References

1. Anderson S. Making Medicines: A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals. Londres: Pharmaceutical Press; 2005 [acceso 22/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://books.google.com.pe/books/about/Making_Medicines.html?id=A6lWNwuO-f0C&redir_esc=y

2. Rascati KL. Essentials of Pharmacoeconomics. Filadelfia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 [acceso 22/03/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2739078/

3. United Nations. The Sustainable Development Goals Report. New York: United Nations Publications; 2016 [acceso 22/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf

4. Ley N° 29459 de 2009- Ley de productos farmacéuticos, dispositivos médicos y productos sanitarios. Lima, Perú: El Peruano, Congreso de la República del Perú; 2009 [acceso 14/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/congreso-de-la-republica/normas-legales/2813441-29459

5. Ley N° 26842 de 1997- Ley General de Salud. Lima, Perú: El Peruano, Congreso de la República del Perú; 1997 [acceso 29/04/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/BDL/2008/6774.pdf

6. Andersen RM. Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter? J Health Soc Behav. 1995 [acceso 15/05/2021];36(1):1-10. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7738325/

7. Miranda MJ. El mercado de medicamentos en el Perú: ¿libre o regulado? Lima, Perú: Instituto de Estudio Peruano, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social; 2004 [acceso 14/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.iep.org.pe/items/bbc31289-11df-4ca6-ab54-7f02f41b191d

8. Karikari-Martin P. Use of healthcare access models to inform the patient protection and affordable care act. Policy Polit Nurs Pract. 2010;11(4):286-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1527154410393741

9. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children. 7th list Geneva: WHO; 2019 [acceso 14/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/groups/expert-committee-on-selection-and-use-of-essential-medicines/essential-medicines-lists

10. United Nations. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961. Final Act of the United Nations Conference for the Adoption of a Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. New York; 1961 [acceso 10/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/1961-Convention/convention_1961_en.pdf

11. United Nations. Convenio sobre Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1971. New York; 1971 [acceso 12/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-salud-publica/sites/ministerio-salud-publica/files/documentos/publicaciones/Convenci%C3%B3n%20de%20Naciones%20Unidas%201971%20-%20Sustancias%20Sicotr%C3%B3picas_1.pdf

12. United Nations. Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988. New York; 1988 [acceso 15/04/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.incb.org/documents/PRECURSORS/1988_CONVENTION/1988Convention_S.pdf

13. Ministerio de Salud (MINSA). Decreto Supremo No 023-2001-SA: Reglamento de Estupefacientes Psicotrópicos Sujetas a Fiscalización Sanitaria. Lima, Perú: MINSA; 2001 [acceso 07/04/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/Archivos/Normatividad/2001/DecretoSupremoN023-2001-SA.pdf

14. Dirección General de Medicamentos Insumos y Drogas (DIGEMID). Lista de sustancias sujetas a fiscalización sanitaria. Lima, Perú: DIGEMID; 2018 [acceso 05/04/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.digemid.minsa.gob.pe/webDigemid/psicotropicos-y-estupefacientes/

15. World Health Organization (WHO). Model List of Essential Medicines. 21st List. Geneva: WHO; 2019 [acceso 14/02/2021]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/325771/WHO-MVP-EMP-IAU-2019.06-eng.pdf

16. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDOC). Ensuring availability of controlled medications for the relief of pain and preventing diversión and abuse. Striking the right balance to achieve the optimal public health outcome. Vienna: UNDOC; 2011 [acceso 02/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CND/CND_Sessions/CND_54/4_CRPs/E-CN7-2011-CRP3_V1181366_E.pdf

17. Nickerson JW, Pettus K, Wheeler KE, Hallam C, Bewley-Taylor DR, Attaran A, et al. Access to controlled medicines for anesthesia and surgical care in low-income countries: a narrative review of international drug control systems and policies. Can J Anaesth. 2017;64(3):296-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-016-0805-9

18. Noble M, Tregear SJ, Treadwell JR, Schoelles K. Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2008;35(2):214-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.03.015

19. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Asegurar el equilibrio en las políticas nacionales sobre sustancias controladas/Guía de Disponibilidad y Accesibilidad de Medicamentos Controlados. Geneva: OMS; 2011 [acceso 11/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/resolucion-de-emergencia-sobre-la-revocacion-de-las-pautas-de-la-oms-sobre-el-uso-de-opioides/

20. Nchako E, Bussell S, Nesbeth C, Odoh C. Barriers to the availability and accessibility of controlled medicines for chronic pain in Africa. Int Health. 2018;10(2):71-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihy002

Published

2024-07-15

How to Cite

1.
Wong P, Moya-Salazar J, Contreras-Pulache H. Comparison of drugs subject to control according to the Peruvian Observatory of Pharmaceutical Products. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2024 Jul. 15 [cited 2025 Sep. 3];43. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/2008

Issue

Section

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES