Actividad física y su relación con el sistema inmune

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

ejercicios físicos, inmunidad, macrófago, neutrófilos, linfocitos, inmunoglobulinas.

Resumen

Introducción: El ejercicio mejora muchos aspectos de la salud humana, incluso, regula el sistema inmune. Se ha comprobado que el ejercicio moderado y regular ejerce efectos antiinflamatorios. Al mejorar las funciones inmunitarias, reduce la incidencia de enfermedades no transmisibles y la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales.

Objetivo: Describir los efectos de la actividad física sobre el sistema inmune innato y adaptativo.

Método: Para este manuscrito se usó la base de datos PubMed y Google Académico. Se utilizaron los términos “ejercicios físicos”, “inmunidad”, “macrófago”, “neutrófilos”, “linfocitos” e “inmunoglobulinas”, según el descriptor de Ciencias de la Salud. Se incluyeron 53 artículos en la revisión.

Conclusiones: El ejercicio agudo (intensidad moderada a vigorosa, menos de 150 min) se considera un inmunoestimulante porque mejora la actividad antimicrobicida de los macrófagos e incrementa la síntesis de citocinas antiinflamatorias. Además, favorece el tráfico de neutrófilos, células NK, células T citotóxicas y células B inmaduras.

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Biografía del autor/a

Alex Omar Franco Lacato, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios

Puesto laboral, sala de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario San Juan de Dios

Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM)/graduado de médico general el 2012

Universidad de la Habana/graduado de especialista en Inmunología el 2019

Citas

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Publicado

2023-05-15

Cómo citar

1.
Franco Lacato AO. Actividad física y su relación con el sistema inmune. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 15 de mayo de 2023 [citado 29 de julio de 2025];42(1). Disponible en: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/1158

Número

Vol. 42 (2023)

Sección

ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

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