Composite biomaterials for bone restoration obtained by technologies based on the use of the electromagnetic field
Keywords:
composite biomaterials, bone regeneration, electrodeposition, electroporation, electrospinning, distal magnetic control, magnetic particles, electromagnetic field stimulationAbstract
Introduction: The global demographic panorama is changing. The population aged over 60 years is the fastest growing segment, as well as the one where bone tissue diseases are most common, increasing the demand of appropriate materials and technologies to restore those tissues.
Objective: To analyze the information so far generated about the development of composite biomaterials for bone repair, with an emphasis on the identification of emerging technologies based on the use of the electromagnetic field, its applications and potential.
Methods: An analysis was performed of scientific papers published in books, journals, patents and theses. Of the documentation selected, 80% was from the period 2010-2020.
Data analysis and integration: The methods identified were classified into five groups: chemical electrodeposition, be it by in situ electrophoretic synthesis, electrolysis or electrophoresis; electroporation; electrospinning; distal magnetic control and electromagnetic biostimulation of cells and tissues, either directly or incorporating devices which convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy.
Conclusions: These methods permit the conformation of composite cellular and acellular matrices as well as biostimulator devices controlling construction and action parameters in such a way that the processes obtained display greater reproducibility and are more in keeping with the specific requirements of each patient.
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