Anesthetic prediction of postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea

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Abstract

Introduction: Postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea are a relevant anesthetic concern, but their predictors remain heterogeneous and their clinical applicability uncertain.

Objective: To synthesize recent evidence on clinical, polysomnographic, and anesthetic or perioperative predictors of postoperative respiratory complications, and on alternative strategies when polysomnography is unavailable.

Methods: A systematic review without meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Spanish- and English-language studies published between January 1, 2020 and April 2, 2026 were included if they evaluated children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea. Observational, comparative, and clinical trial designs assessing predictors of respiratory complications, need for monitoring, or intensified admission were eligible. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two reviewers, and findings were narratively synthesized.

Results: Twenty-four studies were included. Postoperative risk was better explained by the integration of age, obesity, comorbidity, nocturnal gas-exchange parameters, and some anesthetic variables than by the apnea-hypopnea index alone. Available models showed limited external validation and heterogeneous outcome definitions. Overnight oximetry had potential value for triage, but not as a universally validated substitute for polysomnography.

Conclusions: Anesthetic prediction of postoperative respiratory risk should rely on integrated clinical vulnerability profiles. Multicenter studies with homogeneous outcomes and models reporting calibration and external validation are needed.

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Published

2026-04-13

How to Cite

1.
Espin Gil DP, Sarmiento Bobadilla JA, Barrios Villamar ML, Salazar Narváez AM, Guerrero Lana SL. Anesthetic prediction of postoperative respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2026 Apr. 13 [cited 2026 Apr. 14];45:e4105. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/4105

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Section

ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN