Effectiveness of multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programs in pediatric intensive care units: a systematic review

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Abstract

Introduction: Multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programs may improve prescribing quality in pediatric intensive care units, but their specific effectiveness remains heterogeneous.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of these programs on antimicrobial consumption and prescribing appropriateness, and to describe their impact on clinical safety outcomes and microbiological/ecological outcomes.

Methods: Systematic review without meta-analysis, conducted according to PRISMA 2020. Studies were searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and LILACS from January 2020 to the search date, in English and Spanish. We included studies of children and adolescents admitted to pediatric intensive care units that evaluated multimodal interventions versus usual care or preintervention periods. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction; synthesis was narrative.

Results: Twenty-nine studies were included. Programs were associated with consistent reductions in antimicrobial use and improved prescribing appropriateness, particularly for empirical decisions and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Evidence on ecological outcomes was scarce and heterogeneous: only one study quantified direct changes in bacterial resistance, whereas the others provided indirect signals. Heterogeneity in interventions, outcome metrics, and study designs precluded meta-analysis.

Conclusions: Multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programs appear effective in reducing antimicrobial use and improving prescribing appropriateness in pediatric intensive care units. However, overall certainty remains limited, and more robust comparative studies with standardized clinical and microbiological outcomes are needed.

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Published

2025-12-26

How to Cite

1.
Almeida Prado Ángel A, Ghidini Chalco JI, Suárez Villa AY, Bastidas Zabala JA, Morejón Ramírez MJ. Effectiveness of multimodal antimicrobial stewardship programs in pediatric intensive care units: a systematic review. Rev Cubana Inv Bioméd [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 26 [cited 2026 Apr. 17];44. Available from: https://revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/4087

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ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN