Renal morphofunctional status and its contribution to arterial hypertension in rats with low birth weight
Keywords:
low birth weight, high blood pressure, proximal tubule, plasma volumeAbstract
Introduction: there is numerous evidence of the association between low birth weight and high blood pressure in adulthood, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The objective was to evaluate the renal morphofunctional status and its contribution to the development of arterial hypertension in rats with low birth weight due to placental vascular insufficiency.
Methods: an experimental study was carried out in Wistar rat pups that were subjected to ligation of the uterine arteries on day 16 of gestation. A control group of rat pups without ligation was used. At birth, body weight was determined, and at three weeks, body weight, hemodynamic and renal morphofunctional variables. Comparisons were made with the Mann Whitney U or Student t tests, depending on the distribution of the variables. Differences were considered significant with values of p < 0.05.
Results: the offspring of the rats with ligation had low birth weight. At three weeks, they showed higher body weight, body plasma volume and blood pressure than controls. In the kidneys, a weight and function similar to the controls was observed, with a lower number of glomeruli, as well as greater glomerular volume and thickness of the wall of the proximal tubules.
Conclusions: placental vascular insufficiency induces changes in the renal glomeruli and proximal tubules of rats, which are evident three weeks after birth. Morphological changes cause adaptive adjustments in kidney function, which lead to increased blood pressure.
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