In vitro models of cerebral ischemia
Keywords:
cerebral ischemia, in vitro models, glutamate, OGD, inflammation, hydrogen peroxide.Abstract
Introduction: Cerebral ischemia constitutes one of the first causes of death and the main cause of acquired disability worldwide. New therapeutic variants are currently being studied by testing their neuroprotective or neuroreparative effect; for this purpose, in vitro models are used to understand the pathophysiology, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.
Objective: To describe the up-to-date in vitro models of cerebral ischemia.
Methods: A systematic review of in vitro models of cerebral ischemia used in the last five years was carried out. The proceses of the simulated ischemic cascade, cell type and ischemic indicators were taken into account.
Conclusions: Several types of in vitro models can be defined, those of oxygen and glucose deprivation, which simulate the ischemic process from its initial point, and those that reflect more specific processes such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. In all models, primary glial, epithelial or neuronal cells are used and ischemic indicators ranging from increased proinflammatory cytokines to loss of cell viability are obtained.
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