Biomateriales compuestos para restauración ósea obtenidos mediante tecnologías basadas en el uso del campo electromagnético
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RESUMEN
Introducción: El panorama demográfico en el mundo está cambiando. La población mayor de 60 años es el segmento que está creciendo más rápidamente y en el que las enfermedades del tejido óseo se presentan con más frecuencia, lo que aumenta la demanda de materiales y tecnologías apropiadas para restaurar estos tejidos.
Objetivo: Analizar la información que se ha generado sobre el desarrollo de biomateriales compuestos para la reparación ósea, con énfasis en la identificación de las tecnologías emergentes basadas en el uso del campo electromagnético, sus aplicaciones y potencialidades.
Métodos: Se consultaron trabajos científicos publicados en libros, revistas, patentes y tesis. El 80 % de la documentación seleccionada pertenece al periodo 2010-2020.
Análisis e integración de la información: Los métodos identificados fueron clasificados en cinco grupos: electrodeposición química, ya sea por electrólisis, electroforesis o síntesis electroforética in situ; electroporación; electrohilado; control magnético distal y bioestimulación electromagnética de células y tejidos, directamente o por la introducción de dispositivos que convierten la energía electromagnética en energía mecánica.
Conclusiones: Estos métodos permiten la conformación de matrices celulares y acelulares compuestas y, además, dispositivos bioestimuladores con control de los parámetros de construcción y acción, de tal manera, que se logran procesos con mayor grado de reproducibilidad y a la medida de los requerimientos específicos para cada paciente.
Palabras clave: biomateriales compuestos; regeneración ósea; electrodeposición; electroporación; electrohilado; control magnético distal; partículas magnéticas; estimulación por campos electromagnéticos.
Palabras clave
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