Efectos de la suplementación crónica de una dieta hipercalórica sobre parámetros metabólicos y la presión sanguínea en ratas Wistar
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Introducción: La obesidad contribuye a la hipertensión por la resistencia insulínica (RI) e hiperinsulinemia, aumento de la actividad adrenérgica y de las concentraciones de aldosterona, retención de sodio y agua e incremento del gasto cardíaco, alteración de la función endotelial, a través de moléculas como leptina y adiponectina y factores genéticos. La insulina es capaz de modificar mecanismos fisiológicos que pueden conducir tanto a aumento como a disminución de la presión arterial.
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del consumo crónico de una dieta alta en grasas y carbohidratos sobre la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y parámetros metabólicos en ratas Wistar.
Métodos: Se usaron ratas macho de la cepa Wistar de 8 semanas de edad, las cuales de dividieron en 2 grupos, control o no-obesas que consumieron dieta estándar y obesas suplementadas con una dieta alta en grasa y sucrosa al 20% (w/v) ad libitum durante 48 semanas. Al final de la intervención de dieta se hicieron las mediciones de la PAS, índice de Lee, glucemia e insulina.
Resultados: Las ratas obesas presentaron una presión arterial sistólica significativamente menor que las ratas control no obesas. Las ratas obesas también presentaron niveles significativamente elevados de insulina en suero sin cambios significativos en los niveles de glucemia.
Conclusiones: La suplementación crónica con dieta rica en grasas y carbohidratos induce obesidad, hiperinsulinemia, resistencia a la insulina y disminución de la presión sanguínea en ratas Wistar.
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