Actividad inhibitoria de los flavonoides y polifenoles frente al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Jorge Enrique Buitrago Salas, Valeria Álzate Salazar

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Resumen

Introducción: El virus de inmunodeficiencia humana deteriora el sistema inmunológico. Actualmente para su manejo terapéutico se emplean medicamentos convencionales antirretrovirales. Estos se clasifican según la acción en el ciclo de vida del virus, por ejemplo, inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa de nucleótidos/nucleósido, inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa no nucleótidos, inhibidores de la integrasa, entre otros. En los últimos años se ha evidenciado la necesidad de incorporar nuevas terapias naturales para disminuir la resistencia farmacológica y los efectos adversos propios de la enfermedad.

Objetivo: Describir la actividad inhibitoria de los flavonoides y los polifenoles frente al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana.

Métodos: Durante marzo de 2021 se realizó una búsqueda sistemática con la ecuación “ANTI-HIV” AND (“FLAVONOIDS” OR “PHENOLS”) en PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO, entre otras bases de datos.

Resultados: Los flavonoides y los polifenoles se consideran candidatos prometedores en el diseño y la síntesis de nuevos fármacos antirretrovirales; también como coadyuvantes en el tratamiento y la prevención de condiciones asociadas, entre ellas el estrés oxidativo.

Conclusiones: La terapia antirretroviral debe buscar y diseñar nuevas terapias naturales para optimizar la resistencia y minimizar los efectos secundarios de los fármacos convencionales, teniendo en cuenta que varios estudios han demostrado la actividad inhibitoria de la medicina natural contra el VIH.

Palabras clave

fármacos anti-VIH; antioxidantes; flavonoides; polifenoles; plantas medicinales.

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