Ácidos biliares: moléculas de señalización

Felipe Neri Piñol Jiménez, Virginia Capó de Paz, Guillermo Otoya-Moreno, Sócrates Bautista Martínez

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Resumen

Introducción: Los ácidos biliares, moléculas de señalización derivadas del colesterol hepático, la absorción intestinal de lípidos y vitaminas liposolubles, regulan el metabolismo energético, lipídico, glucídico, proteico y el sistema inmunitario. Estas actividades biológicas convierten los ácidos biliares en un nuevo paradigma conceptual en la armonía salud-enfermedad.

Objetivo: Describir las evidencias que homologan los ácidos biliares como moléculas de señalización.

Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y crítica en PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs y Elservier (1969-2022), acerca de las actividades biológicas y propiedades físico-químicas de los ácidos biliares para justificar su acción de señalización.

Resultados: La actualización de las actividades biológicas de los ácidos biliares incorporó el concepto de moléculas de señalización en la docencia y la investigación. Conclusiones: Se brinda a la comunidad científica un nuevo paradigma conceptual, clave en la fisiopatología digestiva y extradigestiva, que define la acción de señalización en la naturaleza molecular de los ácidos biliares, y transversaliza el equilibrio nutrición-metabolismo-microbiota intestinal y el sistema inmunitario.

Palabras clave

ácidos biliares; molécula de señalización; receptores nucleares; transportadores biliares; actividad biológica.

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