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Productos naturales y sus derivados contra el virus Ébola
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Antecedentes: El Ébola es un virus causante de fiebre hemorrágica que presenta una elevada tasa de mortalidad, por lo que se considera un problema de salud pública y un agente bioterrorista. Aunque en la actualidad se han desarrollado varias estrategias terapéuticas, el problema radica en la necesidad de generar una respuesta inmunitaria duradera y transespecífica contra múltiples especies del virus. Los compuestos naturales constituyen una valiosa e importante fuente de diversidad química que incluye actividad antiviral y resultan útiles como agentes profilácticos o terapéuticos contra las infecciones por el virus del Ébola.
Objetivo: El objetivo de la revisión fue destacar los efectos beneficiosos de las plantas, así como sus compuestos bioactivos para el posible tratamiento de la fiebre hemorrágica del Ébola.
Métodos: La metodología consistió en una búsqueda y análisis bibliométrico en cuatro bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane Library a partir de los descriptores: “traditional medicine”, “medicinal plants”, “herbs”, “phytochemicals”, “herbal medicine”, “hemorrhagic fever” y “Ebolavirus”, y se ajustó la ecuación de búsqueda en cada una de ellas.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron 293 artículos de investigación, de ellos se seleccionaron 20 artículos para su análisis crítico. Los compuestos actuaban a través de diferentes mecanismos como la inhibición de proteínas virales así como la interferencia en las diferentes fases del ciclo de infección viral.
Conclusiones: La mayoría de los compuestos que mostraron un efecto prometedor para la inhibición de la infección por este virus incluyen moléculas polares como: BanLec H84T, eugenol, ácido elágico, ácido gálico, miricetina, curcumina, emodina, silvestrol resveratrol y ácido 18β- glicirretínico.
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Referencias
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