Modelos in vitro de isquemia cerebral

Amanda Elisa Moya Gomez, Lena Perez Font, Annelies Bronckaers

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Resumen

Introducción: La isquemia cerebral constituye una de las primeras causas de muerte y la principal causa de discapacidad adquirida a nivel mundial. Actualmente se estudian nuevas variantes terapéuticas mediante la comprobación de su efecto neuroprotector o neurorreparador; para ello se utilizan los modelos in vitro que permiten entender la fisiopatología, y los mecanismos moleculares y celulares involucrados.

Objetivo: Describir la actualidad de los modelos in vitro de isquemia cerebral.

Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los modelos in vitro de isquemia cerebral utilizados en los últimos cinco años. Se tuvieron en cuenta los procesos de la cascada isquémica simulada, el tipo celular y los indicadores isquémicos.

Conclusión: Se pueden definir varios tipos de modelos in vitro: los de privación de oxígeno y glucosa, que simulan el proceso isquémico desde su punto inicial, y los que reflejan procesos más específicos como los de excitotoxicidad, estrés oxidativo e inflamación. En todos los modelos se utilizan células primarias gliales, epiteliales o neuronales y se obtienen indicadores isquémicos que varían desde el aumento de citocinas proinflamatorias a la pérdida de la viabilidad celular.

Palabras clave

isquemia cerebral; modelos in vitro; glutamato; OGD; inflamación; peróxido de hidrógeno.

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