Avances científicos en el análisis de la condición física y composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios
Palabras clave:
capacidades físicas, impedancia bioeléctrica, nivel socioeconómico, rendimiento motor, jóvenes.Resumen
Introducción: Las capacidades que permiten a una persona realizar actividad física durante un período prolongado determinan su condición física. La composición corporal incluye la masa muscular, la masa grasa, la masa ósea, entre otros elementos.
Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas acerca de la condición física y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios sobre la condición física y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios a partir de las directrices PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science. La escala de valoración de la calidad metodológica determinó el riesgo de sesgo de las publicaciones.
Resultados: Se analizaron 42 estudios de 17 países. La información se organizó sobre la base de las variables composición corporal, fuerza muscular, resistencia cardiovascular, flexibilidad, rapidez y capacidades de coordinación.
Conclusiones: La condición física de los estudiantes universitarios ha disminuido en las últimas décadas, según estudios comparativos con poblaciones de 20 o 30 años atrás. Aunque la altura e índice de masa corporal se incrementó en algunas poblaciones, el nivel de las capacidades motoras disminuyó. Esto evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias que incluyan más actividad física en los estudiantes universitarios.Descargas
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