Impacto del COVID-19 en la epidemiología de las fracturas maxilofaciales tratadas quirúrgicamente en un hospital universitario cubano
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Introducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en el comportamiento de la población.
Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la COVID-19 en la epidemiología de las fracturas maxilofaciales tratadas quirúrgicamente en un hospital universitario cubano.
Métodos: Esta investigación consistió en un estudio descriptivo, comparativo, retrospectivo y transversal de 4 años de duración. Se compararon los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de diciembre de 2020 (periodo COVID-19) con los intervenidos entre la misma fecha en los años 2017-2019 (periodo no pandémico). Se registraron edad, sexo, residencia, año, mes, consumo de alcohol en el momento del traumatismo, etiología, tipos de fracturas y número de fracturas por paciente.
Resultados: Se observó un descenso de pacientes con fracturas maxilofaciales en 2020 (n=25) en comparación con periodos equivalentes de los tres años anteriores (2017: n=37; 2018: n=31; 2019: n=41), respectivamente, con una reducción media anual del 31,19 %. Se observó que la violencia interpersonal fue el factor etiológico primordial de las fracturas maxilofaciales durante los periodos de comparación (2017-2019); sin embargo, el accidente de tráfico prevaleció en el 2020 (n=12; 48 %). Hubo un pequeño aumento en el número de fracturas relacionadas con el alcohol (56 % en 2020 frente a 46,34 %, 41,94 % y 51,35 % en 2019, 2018 y 2017, respectivamente).
Conclusiones: La COVID-19 impactó en la epidemiología de fracturas maxilofaciales atendidas quirúrgicamente en este hospital universitario cubano.
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Referencias
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